Mental healthcare utilisation among Danish formerly deployed military personnel and their civilian counterparts: a cohort study.

Background: Prior studies comparing the mental healthcare utilisation (MHU) of Danish formerly deployed military personnel (FDP) with the general population have not included data on psychotherapy through the Defence or talking therapy with the general practitioner. This study included these and several other data sources in a comprehensive comparison of MHU between Danish FDP and civilians.Methods: First-time deployed military personnel (N = 10,971) who had returned from a mission to Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq or Lebanon between January 2005 and July 2017 were included. A sex and birth-year-matched civilian reference group was randomly drawn from the entire Danish non-deployed population (N = 253,714). Furthermore, a sub-cohort, including male FDP and civilians deemed eligible for military service, was defined. These cohorts were followed up in military medical records and registers covering the primary and secondary civilian health sectors from 2005 to 2018, and the rates of MHU were compared.Results: Approximately half of the initial help-seeking for FDP took place through the Defence (49.4%), and the remainder through the civilian healthcare system. When help-seeking through the Defence was not included, MHU was significantly lower among FDP in the main cohort during the first two years (IRR = 0.84, 95% CI: [0.77, 0.92]) compared to civilians. When help-seeking through the Defence was included, MHU was significantly higher among FDP compared to civilians both in the first two years of follow-up (IRR = 2.01, 95% CI: [1.89, 2.13]) and thereafter (IRR = 1.18, 95% CI: [1.13, 1.23]). In the sub-cohort, these differences were even more pronounced both in the first two years of follow-up and thereafter.Conclusions: MHU was higher among Danish FDP compared to civilians only when data from the Defence was included. The inclusion of data on both civilian and military healthcare services is necessary to evaluate the full impact of deployment on MHU among Danish FDP.

This study compared mental healthcare utilisation among Danish deployed military personnel and civilians.Most personnel sought help first through the Defence.When all data sources were included, mental healthcare utilisation was significantly higher among military personnel.

El nuevo programa de la especialidad de medicina familiar y comunitaria: una oportunidad que no se debe perder / The new program of the Family and Community Medicine specialty: An opportunity not to be missed

El programa formativo de la especialidad de medicina familiar y comunitaria (MFyC), vigente desde 2005, se encuentra en proceso de revisión y actualización. Este artículo hace aportaciones para profundizar en los contenidos específicos de la especialidad que orienten hacia un desarrollo competencial más significativo.Se plantea, para llevar a cabo una formación orientada a los valores, realizar el despliegue de la función valores y propiciar la creación de espacios asistenciales en los que la experiencia cotidiana de esos valores sea posible.Se propone establecer una escala de valores en la que los 2 valores esenciales del médico de familia sean, por este orden, el compromiso con la persona, en singular, y el compromiso con el conjunto de las personas a su cargo, en plural. A su vez se propone la reorganización del mapa de competencias en torno a 5 integradores competenciales o metacompetencias: el método clínico centrado en el paciente, la gestión clínica de base poblacional, la atención primaria orientada a la comunidad, la promoción de la salud o salud comunitaria basada en activos y la investigación en el ámbito familiar y comunitario.(AU)

The training program for the Family and Community Medicine specialty (MFyC), which has been in effect since 2005, is currently undergoing a review and update process. This article proposes contributions to deepen the specific contents of the specialty in order to guide towards a more significant competency development.To carry out values-oriented training, it is suggested to deploy the values function and promote the creation of care spaces where the daily experience of those values is possible.It is proposed to establish a scale of values where the two essential values of the family physician are, in this order, a commitment to the individual person, and a commitment to the group of people under their care. Additionally, it is proposed to reorganize the competency map around five competency integrators or meta-competencies: patient-centered clinical method, population-based clinical governance, primary care oriented to the community, health promotion or community health based on assets, and research in the family and community field.(AU)

[The new program of the Family and Community Medicine specialty: An opportunity not to be missed]. / El nuevo programa de la especialidad de medicina familiar y comunitaria: una oportunidad que no se debe perder.

The training program for the Family and Community Medicine specialty (MFyC), which has been in effect since 2005, is currently undergoing a review and update process. This article proposes contributions to deepen the specific contents of the specialty in order to guide towards a more significant competency development. To carry out values-oriented training, it is suggested to deploy the values function and promote the creation of care spaces where the daily experience of those values is possible. It is proposed to establish a scale of values where the two essential values of the family physician are, in this order, a commitment to the individual person, and a commitment to the group of people under their care. Additionally, it is proposed to reorganize the competency map around five competency integrators or meta-competencies: patient-centered clinical method, population-based clinical governance, primary care oriented to the community, health promotion or community health based on assets, and research in the family and community field.

Examination of military personnel’s changed psychological statesduring long-term deployment in a war zone

Una de las formas más eficaces para prevenir las consecuencias negativas del despliegue en la zona militar para la salud mental de los militares es diagnosticar su estado psicológico. En el presente estudio se determinan las particularidades de los cambios en el estado psicológico de los militares (n = 192) durante el despliegue de seis meses en la zona militar en el este de Ucrania. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron ambas hipótesis formuladas: en cuanto a la posibilidad de determinar, sobre la base del diagnóstico del estado psicológico, el plazo recomendado para el despliegue de los militares en la línea de demarcación en el este de Ucrania, que es de tres meses. Así como también sobre las posibles diferencias significativas en la dinámica del estado psicológico de los militares que tienen y no tienen experiencia en el despliegue. Asimismo, se argumenta la necesidad de monitorear el estado psicológico de los militares durante el despliegue con el propósito de prevenir oportunamente las consecuencias negativas para su salud mental y para la ejecución exitosa de las tareas de la subunidad militar.(AU)

Examining military personnel’s psychological states is an effec-tive way to prevent negative mental health consequences during their de-ployment in a war zone. The present study identifies changes in the psy-chological states of military personnel (n=192) during a 6-month deploy-ment in a war zone in eastern Ukraine. The results confirmed both of our proposed hypotheses. First, with regard to time limits on military person-nel’s deployment on the front lines in eastern Ukraine on the basis of ex-amined psychological states, the estimated recommended deployment du-ration was three months. Second, we found significant differences in the dynamics of the psychological states of service members with versus with-out previous deployment experience. The results also substantiate that mil-itary personnel’s psychological states should be monitored during deploy-ment in order to prevent negative mental health consequences and to en-sure that military units successfully accomplish their tasks.(AU)

Análisis del periodismo ambiental de la prensa en tiempos de pandemia en Colombia / Analysis of environmental journalism in the written press in times of pandemic in Colombia

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada con el objetivo de comprender la relación entre esta pandemia y el medioambiente, tema crucial en la coyuntura porque la propagación global de la COVID-19 se convirtió en un momento para repensar nuestra relación con el planeta, asunto que los medios contribuyen a debatir. Se hizo un análisis de la cobertura periodística en El Tiempo y El Espectador durante los tres meses de confinamiento estricto. La metodología utilizada fue el análisis del tratamiento informativo a partir de las categorías de cubrimiento y despliegue en el marco de una convergencia mediática. Entre los principales hallazgos encontramos una alta procedencia de información de agencias; predominio de la noticia como género y un promedio de fuentes consultadas cuya calidad favorece la diversidad de voces e intereses. Además, el tema predominante en El Espectador es la reducción de la contaminación por el confinamiento, mientras que en El Tiempo son las acciones desfavorables para el medioambiente. El enfoque ambiental general en las publicaciones es antropocentrista y la narrativa periodística sigue las lógicas análogas, desaprovechando las potencialidades del ecosistema digital.

Abstract This article presents the results of a research conducted with the aim of understanding the relationship between this pandemic and the environment, a crucial issue at this juncture because the global spread of COVID19 became a moment to rethink our relationship with the planet, an issue that the media contribute to debate. An analysis was made of the journalistic coverage in El Tiempo and El Espectador during the three months of strict confinement. The methodology used was the analysis of the informative treatment based on the categories of coverage and deployment within the framework of a media convergence. Among the main findings, we found a high source of information from agencies; predominance of news as a genre and an average number of sources consulted whose quality favors the diversity of voices and interests. In addition, the predominant topic in El Espectador is the reduction of contamination by confinement, while in El Tiempo it is actions unfavorable to the environment. The general environmental approach in the publications is anthropocentric and the journalistic narrative follows the analogous logics, missing the potentialities of the digital ecosystem.

Everything Here is Fine: Protective Buffering by Military Spouses During a Deployment.

To minimize potential distractions for deployed military service members (SMs), some nondeployed romantic partners have reported engaging in protective buffering, or intentionally withholding information or concerns to protect their deployed partner. This study assessed the associations of protective buffering and psychological distress and marital satisfaction for military couples during and after deployment. Additionally, the study explored whether protective buffering was related to SM reports of being distracted during deployment by family matters. A total of 54 couples provided data before, during, and after an Army deployment. In multilevel models, higher protective buffering by partners was associated with higher psychological distress and lower marital satisfaction for both SMs and partners during, but not after, deployment. Additionally, partners reported frequent use of protective buffering during deployment; however, protective buffering was not significantly correlated with family related distraction for SMs during deployment. Limitations and implications of these findings are discussed.

Para minimizar posibles distracciones para miembros del servicio militar (SM) desplegados, algunas parejas románticas no desplegadas han informado que practican la amortiguación protectora, es decir, ocultan información o preocupaciones intencionalmente para proteger a su pareja desplegada. Este estudio evaluó las asociaciones de amortiguación protectora y angustia psicológica y satisfacción conyugal para parejas militares durante y después del despliegue. Además, el estudio exploró si la amortiguación protectora tenía relación con informes de los SM de estar distraídos durante el despliegue por cuestiones familiares. Un total de 54 parejas proporcionó datos antes, durante y después de un despliegue del ejército. En modelos multinivel, una amortiguación protectora mayor por parte de las parejas se asoció a mayor angustia psicológica y menor satisfacción conyugal tanto para los SM como para las parejas durante, pero no después del despliegue. Además, los socios informaron el uso frecuente de amortiguación protectora durante un despliegue; sin embargo, la amortiguación protectora no tuvo una correlación significativa con la distracción por motivos familiares para los SM durante el despliegue. Se discuten las limitaciones e implicaciones de estos hallazgos.

Expresión diferencial durante la interacción Solanum tuberosum - Phytophthora infestans / Differential expression during Solanum tuberosum- Phytophthora infestans interaction

La papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) es el cuarto cultivo más importante a nivel mundial y es el producto agrícola con mayor demanda de fungicidas, insecticidas y fertilizantes quí­micos. Las pérdidas mundiales ocasionadas por Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary en este cultivo, ascienden a 6,7 billones de dólares al año y su control quí­mico genera un aumento en los costos, perjudica la salud humana y el ambiente. Todo esto justifica la búsqueda constante de mecanismos alternativos para el control de la enfermedad, entre ellos la obtención de variedades resistentes mediante cisgenesis usando genotipos silvestres. Como un aporte en este sentido, y dada la falta de conocimiento de lo que controla y constituye la diferencia entre una respuesta compatible e incompatible, en el presente estudio se compararon los perfiles de expresión génica obtenidos mediante Despliegue Diferencial de variedades resistentes y susceptibles durante su interacción con P. infestans. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias en la expresión génica, tanto a distintos tiempos post-inoculación como en el tipo de cambio de expresión, incluyendo la presencia y ausencia de bandas diferenciales y el aumento o disminución en su intensidad. Al analizar las secuencias de fragmentos diferencialmente expresados, se encontró que algunos fragmentos sobre-expresados en las variedades susceptibles, tení­an homología con secuencias que codifican para una serina-acetiltranferasa y para la subunidad Β de la RNA polimerasa. Por su parte, fragmentos sobre-expresados en la variedad resistente, tení­an homología con una secuencia codificante para un dominio transmembranal.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important crop worldwide; also, is the agriculture product with most fungicides, insecticides and chemical fertilizers requirement. Worldwide losses caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in this crop, amount to 6,7 billion dollars per year and its chemical control increase production costs, harming human health and environment. For these reasons, is necessary constant research for alternative mechanisms to control disease, including development of resistant varieties using cis-genesis from wild genotypes. As a contribution in this way, and the lack of knowledge of what controls and is the difference between compatible and incompatible interaction, in this study we compared gene expression profiles obtained by Differential Display from resistant and susceptible varieties, during their interaction with P. infestans. The results showed differences in gene expression between resistant and susceptible varieties, at different times post-inoculation as well as exchange expression rate, including the presence and absence of differential bands and increase or decrease in their intensity. After analyzing the sequences of differential expressed fragments, we found that some overexpressed fragments from susceptible varieties had homology with an encoded sequence for a serine-acetyltransferase and for a RNA Polymerase Β subunit. On the other hand, overexpressed fragments from resistant variety, had homology with an encoded sequence for a transmembrane domain.

Reglas de despliegue emocional: estudio preliminar de un procedimiento de evaluación y análisis de sus implicaciones / Emotional Display Rules: A Preliminary Study of an Evaluation Procedure and Analysis of its Implications

En la presente investigación se adaptó un procedimiento de evaluación de Reglas de Despliegue Emocional (RDE), basado en escenarios hipotéticos y se aplicó a una muestra de once niños (hombres) con una edad promedio de 9 años. Sólo uno de los once participantes usó RDE y los restantes mostraron un patrón inconsistente de respuestas en cuanto a coherencia entre la emoción sentida y la acción reportada, la preferencia por comunicar o no la emoción sentida y la justificación para comunicar o enmascarar la emoción. Se discuten las implicaciones del uso de escenarios hipotéticos y se señala la pertinencia de involucrar el concepto de conducta gobernada por reglas en el diseño de estrategias de evaluación de los despliegues emocionales.

In this investigation an evaluation procedure of Emotional Display Rules (EDR) based on hypothetical scenarios was adapted and applied to a sample of 11 boys, mean age of 9 years. Just one of the 11 participants used EDR and the others showed an inconsistent pattern of responses in terms of coherence between felt emotion and reported action, preference for whether or not to communicate the felt emotion and justification for communicating or masking the emotion. Implications inherent to the use of hypothetical scenarios are discussed and the relevance of the concept of rule governed behavior in the design of strategies intended to evaluate emotional displays is pointed out.

Impacto de las reglas de despliegue sobre la regulación emocional en una muestra de escolares / Impact of display rules on emotional regulation in a sample of school children / Impacto da implantação das regras de regulamento emocional em uma amostra de escolares

El objetivo del estudio fue describir el patrón temporal de ira y de dos comportamientos con función reguladora (autotranquilización y manipulación de un objeto) en función de un entrenamiento para el uso de reglas de despliegue emocional (RDE) en una muestra de 12 niños (M= 9.5 años). Como efecto de la intervención se estabilizó la tasa de autotranquilización en participantes y grupos; la manipulación de objeto parece no tener una función reguladora. Los puntajes de uso de RDE no mostraron diferencias significativas pre y post intervención, pero se discuten los cambios en autotranquilización y manipulación de objeto en función de patrones específicos de uso de RDE.

The aim of this study was to describe the temporary pattern of anger and two regulatory behaviors (self-soothing, object manipulation) as a function of training in the use of emotional display rules (EDR) in a sample of 12 boys (M= 9.5 years-old). As an outcome of,this intervention the rate of self-soothing amongst subjects and groups became stable whereas object manipulation seemed to have no regulatory function. Scores in EDR did not show significant differences pre and post intervention, but changes in self-soothing and object manipulation are discussed in function of specific patterns of EDR enactment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o padrão temporal de ira e de dois comportamentos reguladores (auto-tranquilização e manipulação de um objeto) com base em um treinamento para o uso de regras de exibição emocional (REE) em uma amostra de 12 crianças (M = 9,5 anos). A intervenção estabilizou a taxa de auto-tranquilização nos participantes e grupos. A manipulação de objetos parece não ter uma função reguladora. Os escores de utilização de REE não mostraram diferença significativa antes e depois a intervenção, mas são discutidas as mudanças em auto-tranquilização e manipulação de objetos com base em padrões específicos de uso do REE.

Selección de fragmentos diferenciales de ADNc relacionados con estrés hídrico en Ullucus tuberosus Loz: (Bassellaceae) «olluco»

A partir de la expresión diferencial de ARNm de plántulas in vitro de dos accesiones de Ullucus tuberosus Loz. «olluco» altamente tolerantes a estrés osmótico, fueron seleccionados 31 fragmentos diferenciales de ADNc relacionados con tolerancia a sequía.

Thirty-one differential fragments of cDNA related to drought tolerance have been selected from the mRNA differential expression of in vitro plantelets belonging to two accessions of Ullucus tuberosus Loz. «olluco» highly tolerant to osmotic stress.